Relationship between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Disorder of University Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v1i2.64Keywords:
body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, gender differences, university studentsAbstract
This study examined the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorder of undergraduate students in University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Using stratified random sampling technique, data from 299 respondents was gathered. Body dissatisfaction was measured using Body Shape Questionnaire while eating disorders were assessed using Eating Attitudes Test. Descriptive statistics showed that the majority of the respondents reported no symptom of body dissatisfaction. With regard to eating disorders, respondents reported low levels of dieting, bulimia and oral control, indicating that an eating disorder in this sample was somewhat low. T-test analyses showed that there were no significant gender differences in body dissatisfaction as well as in eating disorders. However, there was evidence to suggest that female respondents had slightly higher level of eating disorder than males. Results of Pearson correlations showed there was significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and total score of eating disorders, dieting, bulimia and oral control subtypes (r = .58, p <.001; r = .64, p<.001; r = .39, p<.001; r = .18, p<.001; respectively) in that, higher level of body dissatisfaction was significantly related to increased risk of eating disorders.
References
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Text revision.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Ann, M. K., Sherl, L. J., Gerald, D., & John, N. (2013). Abnormal Psychology: Twelfth Edition – DSM-5 Update. Wiley, 334-346.
Bearman, S. K., Presnell, K., Martinez, E., & Stice, E. (2006). The skinny on body dissatisfaction: A longitudinal study of adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(2), 217-229.
Calado, M., Lameiras, M., Sepulveda, A. R., Rodriguez, Y., & Carrera, M. V. (2011). The association between exposure to mass media and body dissatisfaction among Spanish adolescents. Women's Health Issues, 21(5), 390-399.
Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, Z., & Fairbum, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(4), 485-494.
Fairburn, C. G. (1981). A cognitive behavioural approach to the management of bulimia. Psychological Medicine, 11, 707-711.
Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., Shafra, R., Bohn, K., & Hawker, D. M. (2008). Clinical perfectionism, core low self-esteem and interpersonal problems. In C. G. Fairburn (Ed.), Cognitive behaviour theraphy and eating disorders (pp. 197-220). New York: Guilford Press.
Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1982). The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12(4), 871-878.
Grabe, S., Ward, L. M., & Hyde, J. S. (2008). The role of the media in body image concerns among women: a meta-analysis of experimental and correlational studies. Psychological Bulletin, 134(3), 460-476.
Hatoum, I. J., & Belle, D. (2004). Mags and abs: Media consumptionand bodily concerns in men. Sex Roles, 51, 397–407.
Hogan, M. J., & Strasburger, V. C. (2008). Body image, eating disorders, and the media. Adolescent Medicine, 19, 521–546.
Makino, M., Tsuboi, K., & Dennerstein, L. (2004). Prevalence of eating disorders: a comparison of Western and non-Western countries. Medscape General Medicine, 6(3).
Massaldjieva, R. I., Bakova, D., Semerdjieva, M., Torniova, B., & Tilov, B. (2017). Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviors: Gender Differences in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Journal of Women's Health Care, 6(368), 2167-0420.
Mansfield, T. (2012). Gender Differences in Body-Esteem, Body Dissatisfaction and the Effects of the Medias ‘Thin Ideal’. Department of Psychology, DBS School of Arts.
Munkholm, A., Olsen, E. M., Rask, C. U., Clemmensen, L., Rimvall, M. K., Jeppesen, P., ... & Skovgaard, A. M. (2016). Eating behaviours in preadolescence are associated with body dissatisfaction and mental disorders–Results of the CCC2000 study. Appetite, 101, 46-54.
National Association of Eating Disorders (2011). Retrieved July 18, 2011, from www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/index.php.
National Eating Disorder Collaboration (2016). Eating Disorders in Schools: Prevention Early Identification and Response. Second Edition. Retrieved from http://www.nedc.com.au/files/Resources/Teachers%20Resource.pdf.
Neighbors, L. A., & Sobal, J. (2007). Prevalence and magnitude of body weight and shape dissatisfaction among university students. Eating behaviors, 8(4), 429-439
Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2012). Causes of eating disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 187-213.
Ramli, M., Jamaiyah, H., Azimah, N., Khairani, O., & Adam, B. (2008). Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Bahasa Malaysia Version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (Ede-Q). Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(2).
Santana, M. L. P. D., Silva, R. D. C. R., Assis, A. M. D. O., Raich, R. M., Machado, M. E. P. D. C., Pinto, E. D. J., ... & Ribeiro Júnior, H. D. C. (2013). Factors associated with body image dissatisfaction among adolescents in public schools students in Salvador, Brazil. Nutricion Hospitalaria. 28 (3): 747-755.
Spear, B.A. (2006) in Handbook of Clinical Nutrition (Fourth Edition), Eating Disorders, pp 541-553.
Spearing, M. (2001). Eating Disorders: Facts about Eating Disorders and the Search for Solutions. Retrieved February 23, 2017, from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/eatingdisorders.cfm
Striegel-Moore, R. H., & Bulik, C. M. (2007). Risk factors for eating disorders. American Psychologist, 62(3), 181.
Strother, E., Lemberg, R., Stanford, S. C., & Turberville, D. (2012). Eating disorders in men: underdiagnosed, undertreated, and misunderstood. Eating disorders, 20(5), 346-355.
Tan, S. Y., & Yew, W. P. (2012). The relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorder among exercisers. SEGi Review, 5, 132-56.
Van Furth, E. F., van der Meer, A., & Cowan, K. (2016). Top 10 research priorities for eating disorders. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 706-707.
Vohs, K. D., Voelz, Z. R., Pettit, J. W., Bardone, A. M., Katz, J., Abramson, L. Y., Heatherton, T. F., & Joiner, T. E. (2001). Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem: An interactive model of bulimic symptom development. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 20, 476-497.