IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGAL ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE ON CHILLI AND ITS PATHOGENIC LEVEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v2i3.164Keywords:
Chilli, anthracnose, Colletotrichum sppAbstract
Many chilli producers in Malaysia are facing a huge problem of anthracnose disease that infect the chilli fruits either at pre- or post-harvest stage. Due to this infection, the chilli fruits become rotten and could be colonized by grey conidial masses which is unfit for human consumption and cannot be sold. This study was aimed to isolate the fungal species associated with anthracnose symptoms collected from several mini-markets near Gong Badak, Terengganu. Pathogenicity test was conducted for all these isolates to evaluate their pathogenic level. Based on the results, five fungal isolates were successfully isolated and morphologically identified as Colletotrichum spp. All these isolates were labelled as UMTT46C, UMTT48C, UMTT50C, UMTT52C and UMTT54C. From these, fungal isolate (UMTT54C) showed the highest pathogenic level with disease severity (DS), 68.9%. Other Colletotrichum spp. recorded percentage of DS ranged from 53.3% to 60%. Identification of fungal isolates and their pathogenic level from the infected chilli is very important to assist in control strategy which can further provide a good protection measure for many chilli producers.
References
Bosland, P. W., & Votava, E. J. (2012). Peppers: vegetable and spice capsicums. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA. Cabi. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845938253.0000
Cannon, P. F., Bridge, P. D., & Monte, E. (2000). Linking the past, present and future of Colletotrichum systematics.Colletotrichum: host specificity, pathology and host-pathogen interaction, 1-20.
Freeman, S., Katan, T., & Shabi, E. (1998). Characterization of Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose diseases of various fruits. Plant disease, 82(6), 596-605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.6.596
Hussain, F., & Abid, M. (2011). Pest and diseases of chilli crop in Pakistan: A review. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 8(2), 325-332.
Johnston, P. R., & Jones, D. (1997). Relationships among Colletotrichum isolates from fruit-rots assessed using rDNA sequences. Mycologia, 89(3), 420-430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026801
Kim, K. D., Oh, B. J., & Yang, J. (1999). Differential Interactions of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate with green and red pepper fruits. Phytoparasitica, 27(2), 97-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03015074
McDonald, B. A. (1997). The population genetics of fungi: tools and techniques. Phytopathology, 87(4), 448-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.4.448
Musakhan, P. R., & Zacharia, S. (2017). Effect of neem based plant products and plant extracts against anthracnose of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 171-174.
Nirenberg, H. I., Feiler, U., & Hagedorn, G. (2002). Description of Colletotrichum lupini comb. nov. in modern terms. Mycologia, 94(2), 307-320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833238
Noor, N. M., & Zakaria, L. (2018). Identification and characterization of Colletotrichum spp. associated with chili anthracnose in peninsular Malaysia. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 151(4), 961-973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-018-1431-x
Pakdeevaraporn, P., Wasee, S., Taylor, P. W. J., & Mongkolporn, O. (2005). Inheritance of resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici in Capsicum. Plant Breeding, 124(2), 206-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2004.01065.x
Ranathunge, N. P., Mongkolporn, O., Ford, R., & Taylor, P. W. J. (2012). Colletotrichum truncatum Pathosystem on Capsicum spp: infection, colonization and defence mechanisms. Australasian Plant Pathology, 41(5), 463-473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-012-0156-0
Sahitya, U. L., Deepthi, S., Kasim, P., Suneetha, P., & Krishna, M. S. R. (2014). Anthracnose, a prevalent disease in Capsicum. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(3), 1583-1604.
Saxena A, Raghuwanshi R, Gupta V.K. & Singh H.B. (2016) Chilli Anthracnose: The Epidemiology and Management. Front. Microbiol. 7:1527. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01527 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01527
Shahbazi, P., Musa, M. Y., Tan, G. Y. A., Avin, F. A., Teo, W. F. A., & Sabaratnam, V. (2014). In vitro and In vivo evaluation of Streptomyces Suppressions against Anthracnose in Chili Caused by Colletotrichum. Sains Malaysiana, 43, 697-705.
Sharma, G., & Shenoy, B. D. (2014). Colletotrichum fructicola and C. siamense are involved in chilli anthracnose in India. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant protection, 47(10), 1179-1194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.833749
Sharma, P. N., Kaur, M., Sharma, O. P., Sharma, P., & Pathania, A. (2005). Morphological, pathological and molecular variability in Colletotrichum capsici, the cause of fruit rot of chillies in the subtropical region of north-western India. Journal of Phytopathology, 153(4), 232-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.00959.x
Simmonds, J. H. (1965). A study of the species of Colletotrichum causing ripe fruit rots in Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Science. 22, 437–459.
Than, P. P., Jeewon, R., Hyde, K. D., Pongsupasamit, S., Mongkolporn, O., & Taylor, P. W. J. (2008). Characterization and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on chilli (Capsicum spp.) in Thailand. Plant Pathology, 57(3), 562-572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01782.x
Thind, T. S., & Jhooty, J. S. (1985). Relative prevalence of fungal diseases of chilli fruits in Punjab. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 15(3), 305-307.
Voorrips, R. E., Finkers, R., Sanjaya, L., & Groenwold, R. (2004). QTL mapping of anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) resistance in a cross between Capsicum annuum and C. chinense. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109(6), 1275-1282. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1738-1
