HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY STATUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CHILD FEEDING PRACTICE AND CHILDREN’S WEIGHT STATUS AMONG LOW INCOME MOTHERS IN TERENGGANU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v2i2.153Keywords:
Household food security, Child feeding practice, Weight of children, low incomeAbstract
Food insecurity is normally associated with lower socioeconomic status and improper feeding practices which may consequently affect growth and development of young children. This study aims to assess household food security status and its association with child feeding practices and children’s weight status among low income mothers in Terengganu. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted at four public maternal and child health clinics (MCH) located in Terengganu. A total of 107 of low income mothers between ages of 18 to 45 years with net household income less than RM 3000 who has at least one child aged two years and above were recruited. The instruments used were Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) and weight-for-age child growth chart for children’ weight status at aged one year. Descriptive statistic and non-parametric tests were employed (SPSS 20). Majority of the households were food secure (85.0%). Yet, it is also important to note that about 15% of the household had experienced some degree of food insecurity. There was no significant correlation between household food security and all child feeding practice domains. Most of the mothers had children with normal weight (mean Z-score =-0.72+0.99). There was statistically significant association between household food security status and weight of children at one year of age (p=0.01). In conclusion, majority of the households experienced food secure. Household food security were associated with children’s weight status at early age but not correlated with parent’s child feeding practice.
References
Agbadi, P., Urke, H. B., & Mittelmark, M. B. (2017). Household food security and adequacy of child diet in the food insecure region north in Ghana. PLOS ONE, 12(5), e0177377.
Alam, M. M., Siwar, C., Wahid, A. N. M., & Talib, B. A. (2016). Food security and lowincome households in the Malaysian East Coast Economic Region: An empirical analysis. Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 28(1), 2–15.
Ali Naser, I., Jalil, R., Wan Muda, W. M., Wan Nik, W. S., Mohd Shariff, Z., & Abdullah, M. R. (2014). Association between household food insecurity and nutritional outcomes among children in Northeastern of Peninsular Malaysia. Nutrition Research and Practice, 8(3), 304–311.
Betebo, B., Ejajo, T., Alemseged, F., & Massa, D. (2017). Household food insecurity and its association with nutritional status of children 6–59 months of age in East
Badawacho District, South Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2017, 1–17.
Birch, L. ., Fisher, J. ., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C., Sawyer, R., & Johnson, S. . (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite, 36(3), 201–210.
Coates, J., Swindale, A., & Bilinsky, P. (2007). Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: Indicator guide. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development.
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2016). Report of household income and basic amenities survey 2016.
Farhadian, A., Chan, V. S., & Farhadian, H. (2015). Addressing household food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in a poor rural community in Sabah, Malaysia.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 4(5), 89–100.
Fekadu, Y., Mesfin, A., Haile, D., & Stoecker, B. J. (2015). Factors associated with nutritional status of infants and young children in Somali Region, Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 846.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (1996). Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/w3613e/w3613e00.htm.
Ghodsi, D., Omidvar, N., Eini-Zinab, H., Rashidian, A., & Raghfar, H. (2016). Impact of the national food supplementary program for children on household food security and maternal weight status in Iran. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 7(1), 108.
Gundersen, C., & Ziliak, J. P. (2015). Food insecurity and health outcomes. Health Affairs, 34(11), 1830–1839.
Hadley, C., Linzer, D. A., Belachew, T., Mariam, A. G., Tessema, F., & Lindstrom, D. (2011). Household capacities, vulnerabilities and food insecurity: Shifts in food insecurity in urban and rural Ethiopia during the 2008 food crisis. Social Science & Medicine, 73(10), 1534–1542.
Izzah, R. (2017). Household food security status and child feeding practice among low income mothers below 45 years old in Terengganu (Bachelor’s thesis, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu). incomplete writing of reference.
Kandeepan, K., Balakumar, S., & Arasaratnam, V. (2016). Nutritional Status and Food Insecurity among the Children in Northern Sri Lanka. Procedia Food Science, 6, 220–224.
Kuyper, E. M., Smith, D., & Kaiser, L. L. (2009). Does Food Insecurity Influence Child Feeding Practices? Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 4(2), 147–157.
Lindsay, A. C., Ferarro, M., Franchello, A., Barrera, R. de La, Machado, M. M. T., Pfeiffer, M. E., & Peterson, K. E. (2012). Child feeding practices and household food insecurity among low-income mothers in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 17(3), 661–669.
Macharia, T. N., Ochola, S., Mutua, M. K., & Kimani-Murage, E. W. (2018). Association between household food security and infant feeding practices in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 9(1), 20–29.
Md Razak, M., Mohd Amir Hamzah, A., Abas, N., Idris, R., & Ibrahim, Z. (2013). Sustaining food production for food security in Malaysia. Journal of Economics and Development Studies, 1(3), 19–25.
Official Website of Economic Planning Unit. (2016). Household Income and Poverty. Table 4 -Income Share of Top 20%, Middle 40% and Bottom 40% of Households by Ethnic Group and Strata, Malaysia, 1970-2016. Retrieved from http://www.epu.gov.my/sites/default/files/Jadual4 Agihan Pendapatan Bagi Kumpulan Isi Rumah 20%25 Tertinggi%2C 40%25 Pertengahandan 40%25 Terendah Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik dan Strata%2C Malaysia%2C 1970-2016_0.pdf
Saha, K. K., Frongillo, E. A., Alam, D. S., Arifeen, S. E., Persson, L. A., & Rasmussen, K. M. (2008). Household food security is associated with infant feeding practices in rural Bangladesh. The Journal of Nutrition, 138(7), 1383–1390.
Shariff, Z. M., & Khor, G. L. (2008). Household food insecurity and coping strategies in a poor rural community in Malaysia. Nutrition Research and Practice, 2(1), 26.
Sreeramareddy, C. T., Ramakrishnareddy, N., & Subramaniam, M. (2015). Association between household food access insecurity and nutritional status indicators among children aged <5 years in Nepal: results from a national, cross-sectional household survey. Public Health Nutrition, 18(16), 2906–2914.
Wong, H. J., Moy, F. M., & Nair, S. (2014). Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 785.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2008). Training Course on Child Growth Assessment WHO Child Growth Standards. Geneva. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/childgrowth/training/module_h_directors_guide.pdf.
