HEAT TRANSFER OPTIMISATION FOR ROTATING TERNARY HYBRID NANOFLUID WITH OPPOSING MIXED CONVECTION PAST A VERTICAL FLAT PLATE

Authors

  • NUR SYAHIRAH WAHID Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • RUSYA IRYANTI YAHAYA School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
  • Nurul NURUL IZZAH KHALID Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • MOHD SHAFIE MUSTAFA Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • NORIHAN MD ARIFIN Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
  • NAJIYAH SAFWA KHASHI’IE Faculty of Mechanical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
  • IOAN POP Department of Mathematics, Babeş-Bolyai University, R-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46754/jmsi.2026.06.004

Keywords:

Ternary hybrid nanofluid, mixed convection, rotating plate, response surface methodology

Abstract

The present study focuses on analysing and improving the heat -transfer performance of a rotating ternary hybrid nanofluid over a vertical flat surface under opposing mixed convection conditions. By employing suitable similarity transformations, the governing boundary-layer equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations and subsequently solved using a MATLAB-based numerical approach. Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to investigate the combined influence of key parameters and to determine the conditions that maximise heat transfer efficiency. Increasing the concentration of nanoparticles, especially copper can greatly improve heat transfer efficiency, with copper nanoparticles showing the greatest enhancement, followed by aluminium oxide, (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Furthermore, desirability-based optimisation reveals that the heat-transfer rate attains a maximum value of 0.442152 with 99.93% desirability when the coded parameters A, B, and C (nanoparticle volume fractions) are at their maximum levels. Meanwhile, the decrement in skin friction along the x-direction is primarily influenced by the increase in volume fraction of copper nanoparticles, followed by titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminium oxide nanoparticles. The findings provide significant insights into optimising heat-transfer in complex fluid dynamics systems, with potential applications in diverse industrial and engineering domains.

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Published

24-06-2026

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Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): JMSI Volume 6 Number 1, June 2026 (Uncorrected Proof)

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