HARNESSING MARINE INVERTEBRATES: THE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES OF COLLAGEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46754/ps.2025.01.003Keywords:
marine collagen, collagen extraction, marine invertebrates, crustaceansAbstract
Marine resources offer a sustainable alternative to conventional protein and nutrient sources with marine collagen playing an important role in functional foods and nutritional supplements. Collagen from marine invertebrates is widely used in the food industry, pharmaceutical products, and biomedical applications. The aim of this study is to study the techniques used to extract collagen from various marine invertebrates. Marine collagen is a structural protein characterised by a helical structure composed of amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. Collagen comprises of 28 different types but only four types: Type I, II, III, and IV have always been studied. Type I is obtained from skin, tendon, and bone, meanwhile Type II is obtained from tissues of vitreous body, cartilage, and nucleus pulposus. Type III is obtained from the vessel walls and reticular fibres of lungs, spleen, and liver and Type IV is obtained from basement membranes. The extraction of marine collagen involves three stages: Pretreatment, extraction, and recovery. Several marine collagen extraction techniques are commonly used, including acid soluble collagen, pepsin soluble collagen, carbon dioxide acidified water, and alkaline denaturing procedures. Different extraction methods produce collagen yields with varying chemical compositions and characteristics. All of the extraction processes are ethical and environmentally friendly.
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